12/26/2024 4:11:29 PM	DH 75 Course Outline as of Fall 2017	Changed Course
CATALOG INFORMATION
Discipline and Nbr:  DH 75	Title:  PHARM FOR THE DENTAL HYG
Full Title:  Pharmacology for the Dental Hygienist
Last Reviewed:11/28/2022

Units		Course Hours per Week			Nbr of Weeks	Course Hours Total
Maximum	2.00	Lecture Scheduled	2.00		17.5 max.	Lecture Scheduled	35.00
Minimum	2.00	Lab Scheduled	0		17.5 min.	Lab Scheduled	0
		Contact DHR	0			Contact DHR	0
		Contact Total	2.00			Contact Total	35.00
		Non-contact DHR	0			Non-contact DHR Total	0

Total Out of Class Hours:  70.00

Total Student Learning Hours: 105.00

Title 5 Category:  AA Degree Applicable
Grading:  Grade Only
Repeatability:  00 - Two Repeats if Grade was D, F, NC, or NP
Also Listed As: 
Formerly: 

Catalog Description:

The clinical usage of the therapeutic agents used in the practice of dentistry.  The indications, dosage, methods of administration, contraindications and side effects of these agents will be studied to give the student hygienist a foundation in the physical manifestations to be expected in drug administration.

Prerequisites/Corequisites:
Course Completion of DH 71A

Recommended Preparation:

Limits on Enrollment:
Acceptance into Allied Dental Program

Schedule of Classes Information
Description:

The clinical usage of the therapeutic agents used in the practice of dentistry.  The indications, dosage, methods of administration, contraindications and side effects of these agents will be studied to give the student hygienist a foundation in the physical manifestations to be expected in drug administration.

(Grade Only)
Prerequisites:Course Completion of DH 71A
Recommended:
Limits on Enrollment:Acceptance into Allied Dental Program
Transfer Credit:CSU;
Repeatability:00 - Two Repeats if Grade was D, F, NC, or NP

ARTICULATION, MAJOR, and CERTIFICATION INFORMATION

Associate Degree:		Effective:		Inactive:
Area:
CSU GE:	Transfer Area			Effective:	Inactive:
IGETC:	Transfer Area			Effective:	Inactive:
CSU Transfer:	Transferable	Effective:	Fall 1999	Inactive:
UC Transfer:		Effective:		Inactive:
C-ID:

Certificate/Major Applicable: Major Applicable Course

COURSE CONTENT

Student Learning Outcomes:
At the conclusion of this course, the student should be able to:

1.  Describe the general principles of pharmacology to include the basic mechanisms of drug

    action and interaction, indications and contraindications, dosages, therapeutic effects and

    toxicity and methods of administration.

2.  Describe the pharmacology of each class of drugs and the dental implications in order to

    assess a patient's medical status for dental hygiene care and make appropriate

    modifications in dental management.

3.  Demonstrate a working knowledge of therapeutic agents used in the routine practice of

    clinical dentistry and be able to provide the patient with appropriate instructions for

    compliance.

Objectives:

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

1. Define and describe the mechanism of action and therapeutic effect of each class of drugs.

2. Evaluate new therapeutic agents utilizing pharmacological principles.

3. Discuss the dental implications of each drug classification and how these implications affect

    and modify dental hygiene care.

4. List factors that influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs.

5. Describe adverse reactions and general methods of toxicity prevention.

6. Describe the mechanism and classification of drug interactions.

7. List the sources of drug information and demonstrate the use of these sources.

8. List the routes of drug administration.

9. Identify and define the parts of a prescription.

10. List common abbreviations, nomenclature and measurement systems used in prescription

    writing.

11. Identify the regulatory agencies and laws pertaining to prescribing and use of drugs.

12. Describe the dental implications of drug abuse and the possible modifications to patient

    management.

13. Recognize and describe the management of medical emergency situations resulting from the

    administration and/or use of drugs.

14. Describe common oral conditions and list the medications used to treat these conditions.

15. List common medications and the usual dosage forms used in dentistry.

16. Provide appropriate instructions for compliance to patient taking common medications used

    in dentistry.

17. List the forms of medications and the usual dosage form used in dentistry.

18. Discuss medications regarding the pregnant or lactating patient.

Topics and Scope

I. General Principles - Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology

    A. Pharmacology and the Dental Hygiene Process of Care

    B. Sources of drug information

    D. Drug related web and software based information sources

    E. State and Federal regulation and classification of drugs

         1. Drug development and safety

         2. Labeling Requirements

     F. Drug Names and Properties

    G. Prescription writing

         1. Parts of the prescription

         2. Units of Measurement

          3. Latin Abbreviations

         4. Prescription writing and safety

    H. Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs

         1. Scheduled Drugs

         2. Package Inserts and warnings

         3. Labeled and off label use of drugs

II. Fundamentals of Drug Action

    A. Routes of drug administration

         1. Enteral                         

          2. Parenteral

          3. Topical

    B. Pharmacokinetics

         1. Absorption

          2. Distribution

         3. Metabolism (biotransformation)

         4  Excretion

         5. Drug administration and dosage

    C. Pharmacodynamics

         1. Drug receptor interaction

         2. Dose-response relationship

         3. Potency, efficacy, and the ceiling effect

         4. Toxicity  

     D. Drug effects

    E. Drug interactions

III. Autonomic Nervous System Drugs

    A. Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System

         1. Sympathetic nervous system

              a. Adrenergic neurotransmitters

              b. Adrenergic recetptors

         2. Parasympathetic neurotransmitters and receptors

    B. Autonomic drugs

    C. Sympathomimetic drugs: drugs affecting sympathetic transmission

    D. Adrenergic sympathetic agonists

         1. Direct-acting adrenergic receptor agonists

         2. Indirect acting agonists

         3. Mixed-acting adrenergic agonists

         4. Therapeutic uses, adverse effects and drug interactions

    E. Adrenergic receptor antagonists

         1. Alpha 1 antagonists (blockers)

         2. Beta antagonists

         3. Indirect acting antagonists

         4. Adverse effects and drug interactions

    F. Drugs affecting cholinergic transmission

         1. Parasympathomimetic drugs

         2. Anticholinergic drugs

IV. Local Anesthetics Introduction and History

    A. Properties of local anesthetics

         1. Chemical

         2. Mechanism of action and effects of pH

         3. Metabolism and excretion

    B. Local anesthetic agents

    C. Vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics

    D. Adverse effects of local anesthetics

    E. Dental management of medically compromised patients

V. Sedation and General Anesthetics

    A. Routes and types of administration

    B. Moderated sedation in the dental office

         1. Anti-anxiety agents: benzodiazepines

         2. Sedative hypnotics

              a. Barbiturates

              b. Nonbarbiturates

     C. Nitrous Oxide Sedation

         1. Pharmacokinetics and method of administration

         2. Adverse effects and contraindications

         3. Occupational exposure and abuse

    D. General anesthesia history and stages

VI. Drugs for Pain Control

    A. Neurophysiology of pain

    B. Nonnarcotic analgesics

         1.Salicylates

         2. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

         3. Acetaminophen

    C. Opiod analgesics

         1. Agonists/antagonist

         2. Combination narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesic

    D. Substance abuse and dependency

VII. Antibacterial Agents

    A. Antimicrobial agents

         1. Bacteriacidal vs bacteriostatic

         2. Other agents

     B. Prevention of infective endocarditis

    C. Tuberculosis

         1. Testing

          2. Treatment

VIII. Antiviral and Antifungal Agents

    A. Antivirals for herpes simplex

         1. Primary herpes

         2. Recurrent herpes

    B. Antiretroviral agents: HIV/AIDS

         1. Antiretroviral drugs

         2. Systemic opportunistic infections

         3. Oral opportunistic lesions/conditions

    C. Antifungal agents

IX. Antineoplastic, Immunosuppressant, and Bisphosphonate Drugs

X. Fluorides

    A. Composition and sources

    B. Uses and delivery systems

         1. Systemic

         2. Topical

    C. Toxicology

    D. Dental hygiene applications

XI. Cardiovascular Drugs

    A. Hypertension

    B. Angina pectoris

    C. Heart failure

    D. Arrhythmias

    E. Epinephrine in cardiac patients

    F. Lipid lowering drugs

    G. Thrombolytic drugs

     H. Other drugs

XII. Gastrointestinal Drugs

    A. Peptic ulcer disorders

         1. Peptic-ulcer disease

         2. Gastroespphageal reflux disease (GERD)

    B. Irritable bowel syndrome

    C. Nausea and vomiting

    D. Constipation

    E. Diarrhea

    F. Ulcerative colitis

XIII. Respiratory Drugs

    A. Asthma

         1. Classification of medications

         2. Severity and control

         3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

    B. Drugs for colds

    C. Drugs for coughs

XIV. Neurological Drugs

    A. Epilepsy

    B. Parkinson's disease

    C. Alzheimers disease

    D. Headaches; migraine

XV. Psychiatric Drugs

    A. Antipsychotic drugs

    B. Mood disorders

         1. Depression

         2. Bipolar disorders

    C. Anxiolytics (anti-anxiety) agents

    D. Sedative/hypnotic drugs

    E. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

XVI. Endocrine and Hormonal Drugs

    A. Diabetes mellitus

         1. Type 1

         2. Type 2

         3. Insulin formulations

    B. Thyroid Drugs

    C. Adrenal (steroid) hormones

    D. Sex hormones and contraceptives

    E. Bisphosphonates/osteoporosis

         1. Risk factors

         2. Dental hygiene applications

XVII. Herbal and Natural Remedies

    A. Homeopathy and natural products

    B. Vitamins and minerals

    C. Dental Hygiene applications

XVIII. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Assignments:

Reading assignments (20-30 pages per week)

One drug reference material assignment

One article abstract

Quizzes (8-10), one midterm and one final

Methods of Evaluation/Basis of Grade.

Writing: Assessment tools that demonstrate writing skill and/or require students to select, organize and explain ideas in writing.		Writing 5 - 10%
Write article abstract
Problem solving: Assessment tools, other than exams, that demonstrate competence in computational or non-computational problem solving skills.		Problem Solving 20 - 30%
Drug reference material assignment
Skill Demonstrations: All skill-based and physical demonstrations used for assessment purposes including skill performance exams.		Skill Demonstrations 0 - 0%
None
Exams: All forms of formal testing, other than skill performance exams.		Exams 65 - 75%
Quizzes, midterm and final
Other: Includes any assessment tools that do not logically fit into the above categories.		Other Category 0 - 0%
None

Representative Textbooks and Materials:

Oral Pharmacology for the Dental Hygienist. 2nd ed. Weinberg, Mea and Westphal-Theile, Cheryl and Burke Fine, James. Pearson. 2012 (classic)

Instructor prepared materials

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