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1. The student will demonstrate knowledge of historical development of
correctional practices in America to date.
2. The student will demonstrate knowledge of the competing correctional
philosophies of punishment, treatment and the protection of society.
3. The student will demonstrate working knowledge of probation theory
and practices, and role requirements and expectations.
4. The student will demonstrate working knowledge of institutional
corrections practices, procedures and roles.
5. The student will demonstrate working knowledge of parole
philosophies and procedures.
6. The student will demonstrate working knowledge of the various
community based and private corrections programs.
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1. Orientation
A. Focus of study
B. Assignments, testing and grading
C. Attendance and class participation
D. Student and instructor responsibilities and expectations
2. History and Evolution of Corrections
A. Early history - 2000 BC - 1700 AD
B. A century of change, 1700-1800
C. The Age of Prisons, 1800-Present
D. The Swinging Pendulum of Correctional Philosophies
3. Corrections as a Sub-system In Justice Administration
A. Crime and the Legal Process
B. Discretion and the Funnel of Justice
C. Corrections: Components within the Justice System
4. American Jails
A. The booking process
B. Cite and Release programs
C. Types of facilities
D. Pre and Post-conviction procedures
5. Probation: The Alternative to Incarceration
A. History and Philosophy
B. Contemporary organization and administration
C. Investigative functions and roles
1. O.R. and Bail Reports
2. Pre-plea Investigations
3. Pre-sentence Investigations and Reports
D. Casework Supervision
1. Styles of supervision
2. O.R. Supervision
3. Probation conditions
4. Caseload assignment models
5. Supervision strategies
6. Modification, violation and termination procedures
7. Expungement procedures
6. Institutional Corrections
A. Nature and scope of prisons
B. Classification procedures
C. Varieties of prison environments
D. Inmate types
E. Gender distinctions
F. Prison programming
G. Rights in confinement
H. Pre-release planning
7. Parole
A. Origins and philosophies of parole
B. Nature and scope of parole in America
C. The indeterminate sentence model
D. The determinate sentence model
E. Rles of the Parole Board
F. Conditions of parole
G. Supervision strategies
H. Violation procedures
I. Termination and pardon procedures
J. Interstate Compact Agreement
8. Community-Based Programs
A. Half-way houses
B. Residential Treatment Centers
C. Drug and Alcohol Treatment Programs
D. Privatization models
9. Contemporary Issues
A. The Justice Model vs. Rehabilitation
B. Institutional vs. Community-based models
C. Should probation officers be armed?
D. The trend toward electronic monitoring
10. Summary and Conclusions
A. Nature, scope and purposes of Corrections reviewed
B. Career opportunities and preparation
C. Trends in Corrections
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Allen, Harry E. and Clifford E. Simonsen, CORRECTIONS IN AMERICA: AN
INTRODUCTION, (7th ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995.
McCarthy, Belinda Rodgers and Bernard J. McCarthy, Jr., COMMUNITY-BASED
CORRECTIONS, (2nd Ed.), Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., 1991.
Abadinsky, Howard, PROBATION AND PAROLE: THEORY AND PRACTICE, (5th Ed.),
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994.