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I. Water Quality and Sources
A. Introduction to water quality
1. Public health and consumer acceptance of water quality
2. The Safe Drinking Water Act
3. Sources and types of common contaminants
4. Units of measure
5. Introduction to physical and chemical treatment technologies
B. Sources
1. Surface water and reservoir
2. The Surface Water Treatment Rule
3. Streams and rivers
4. Reservoirs
5. Watersheds and watershed protection
6. Types of contaminants
7. Double barrier treatment
8. Groundwater sources
9. Wells and well field operations
10. Types of contaminants
11. Source water assessment
12. Source water monitoring
II. Water Treatment Processes
A. Water treatment and processes for particulate reduction
1. Conventional water treatment
a. Coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration
b. Direct filtration
2. Slow sand and diatomaceous earth filtration
3. Membrane processes: microfiltration and ultrafiltration
4. Flow calculations: filtration rate, backwash rate, and overflow rate
B. Water treatment and processes for non-particulate contaminant reduction
1. Chemistry of dissolved contaminants
2. Common dissolved contaminants
3. Common treatment processes
C. Disinfection
1. Making water safe to drink
2. Factors influencing effectiveness of disinfection
3. Processes
a. Chlorination
b. Ultraviolet irradiation
c. Ozonation
4. Chlorination
a. Chlorine dose, demand, and residual
b. Free and combined chlorine
c. Breakpoint chlorination
d. Chloramination
e. Disinfection/inactivation calculations and values
f. Forms of available chlorine
5. Disinfection byproducts
D. Corrosion and corrosion control
1. The corrosion process
2. Chemical and physical factors influencing corrosion
3. Methods of control
a. Materials of construction
b. Water treatment
E. Fluoridation
1. Purpose of fluoridation
2. Methods
III. Operations and Maintenance
A. Chemical feed
1. Common chemicals for water treatment
2. Chemical feed pumps: types and controls
3. Solution mixing and calculation
4. Dosage calculations
B. Pumps and motors
1. Centrifugal pump operation and performance measurement
2. Electrical controls
3. Maintenance duties
C. Pressure and flow measurement
1. Head calculations
2. PSI calculations
D. Safety
1. Confined space regulations
2. Lockout/tagout procedures
3. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) regulations
4. Safety programs in the workplace
5. Division of safety responsibility between employer and employee
E. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
1. Types and purpose of instrumentation and control
2. Primary sensors
3. Telemetry and display
4. Control system
IV. Laboratory Procedure and/or Demonstration
A. Sampling techniques
1. Chemical and physical parameter sampling
2. Bacteriological sampling
3. Transport
B. Basic laboratory procedures
1. Jar testing
2. Turbidity measurement
3. Titration and drop count measurements
4. Color comparison devices
C. Bacteriological analysis
1. Comparison of methods
2. Types of reporting
D. Units of measure
E. Chains of custody and reporting
V. Regulations and Administrative Duties
A. The Safe Drinking Water Act and other statutes
B. Drinking water regulations and facility compliance
C. Recordkeeping
D. Use of American Waterworks Association and National Sanitation Foundation standards