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At the conclusion of this course, the student should be able to:
1. Demonstrate knowledge of correct anatomical terminology used to describe body part locations, position, and direction.
2. Describe the various types of bones, muscles, and joints in the human body and their location, movements, and characteristics.
3. Explain basic neuromuscular concepts and muscle properties in relation to how muscles function in joint movement and work together in affecting motion.
4. Demonstrate knowledge of the principles of biomechanics.
5. Locate the major muscles of the human body, including origin, insertion, and action and identify their movements associated with all joints in the body.
6. Analyze exercises of the upper extremity, trunk, and lower extremity to determine the joint movements, types of contractions, and specific muscles involved in those movements.
7. Perform movement, flexibility, and functional training assessments and identify common postural deviations.
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I. Muscular Foundations
A. Anatomical systems
1. skeletal system
2. articulations - classifications
3. muscular terminology
4. muscle tissue actions
a. Roles of muscles
b. Types of muscle actions
c. Functions
5. kinetic chain movement
6. mobiity and stability
7. anatomical position and planes of motion
8. nervous system
a. proprioception
b. kinesthesis
B. Balance and alignment - center of gravity
C. Human motion terminology
1. Types of muscular contration
2. Kinetic chain movement
3. Mobility and stability
4. Balance and alignment
II. Functional Training Assessments
A. American Council on Exercise (ACE) Integrated Training Model
B. Static postural assessment
C. Postural deviations of the spine - kyphosis and lordosis
D. Muscle imbalances
E. Common postural deviations
1. subtalar pronation/supination and the effect on tibial and femoral rotation
2. hip adduction
3. shoulder position and the thoracic spine
4. pelvic tilt
5. head position
F. Dynamic balance: Y Balance test
G. Static balance: Unipedal stance test
H. McGill's torso muscular endurance test battery
1. trunk flexor endurance
2. trunk lateral endurance test
3. trunk extensor endurance test
III. Flexibility Assessments
A. Lower extremity
1. hip joint
2. ankle joint
3. knee joint
B. Upper extremity
1. shoulder joint
2. elbow joint
3. wrist joint
C. Spinal movements
1. extension
2. flexion
3. lateral flexion
4. rotation
D.Thomas test for hip flexor length
E. Passive straight-leg-raise
F. Correctible factors
1. Repetitive movements
2. Awkward positions
3. Lack of joint stabiity
4. Imbalanced strength-training programs
G. Non-correctible factors
1. congenital conditions
2. some pathologies
3. structual deviations
4. certain types of trauma
IV. Movement Assessments
A. Bend-and-lift assessment: squat pattern
B. Single leg assessment: step up
C. Push assessment: shoulder push stabilization
D. Pull assessment: standing row
E. Rotation assessment: thoracic spine mobility
V. Muscular Endurance Assessments
A. Push up
B. Body weight squat
VI. Biomechanics
A. Levers, pulleys, wheels, and axles
B. Laws of motion and physical activities
C. Friction
D. Balance, equilibrium, and stability
E. Force and mechanical loading
F. Active and passive insufficiency
VII. The Shoulder Girdle and Shoulder Joint
A. Bones, nerves, joints and movement of the shoulder girdle and shoulder joint
B. Muscles of the shoulder girdle and shoulder joint
1. location and action
2. origin and Insertion
3. primary function
4. selected exercise and flexibility
VIII. The Elbow and Radioulnar Joints
A. Bones, nerves, joints and movement of the elbow and radioulnar joints
B. Muscles of the elbow and radioulnar joints
1. location and action
2. origin and insertion
3. primary function
4. selected exercise and flexibility
VI. The Wrist and Hand Joints
A. Bones, nerves, joints and movement of the wrist and hand joints
B. Muscles of the wrist and hand joints
1. location and action
2. origin and insertion
3. primary function
4. selected exercises and flexibility
VII. Muscular Analysis of Upper Extremity Exercises
A. Upper extremity activities
B. Analysis of movement
C. Open and closed kinetic chain
D. Analysis of upper body exercises
VIII. The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle
A. Bones, nerves, joints and movement of the hip joint and pelvic girdle
B. Muscles of the hip joint and pelvic girdle
1. location and action
2. origin and insertion
3. primary function
4. selected exercises and flexibility
IX. The Knee Joint
A. Bones, nerves, joints, and movement of the knee joint
B. Muscles of the knee joint
1. location and action
2. origin and insertion
3. primary function
4. selected exercises and flexibility
X. The Ankle and Foot Joints
A. Bones, nerves, joints and movement of the ankle and foot joints
B. Muscles of the ankle and foot joint
1. location and action
2. origin and insertion
3. primary function
4. selected exercises and flexibility
XI. The Trunk and Spinal Column
A. Bones, nerves, joints and movement of the trunk and spinal column
B. Muscles of the trunk and spinal column
1. location and action
2. origin and insertion
3. primary function
4. selected exercises and flexibility
XII. Muscular Analysis of Trunk and Lower Extremity Exercises
A. Lower extremity activities
B. Analysis of movement
C. Analysis of lower body exercises
D. Open and closed kinetic chain