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At the conclusion of this course, the student should be able to:
1. Understand the history and types of outdoor programs.
2. Explain the developmental benefits of outdoor play.
3. Describe elements of high quality outdoor play environments.
4. Plan and evaluate children's outdoor learning environments using current design and safety
standards.
5. Identify ways to meet the developmental needs of different age groups (birth through age
eight) and individual children through environmental design in early childhood settings.
6. Utilize parents and community stakeholders to effect changes in school and neighborhood
outdoor environments.
7. Create age-appropriate curriculum in the outdoor environment.
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I. Importance of Outdoor Play
A. History of outdoor play in early childhood programs
1. Changes in outdoor play over time
2. Joe Frost's theory of playground design
3. Adventure playgrounds
B. Benefits of outdoor play
1. Meeting developmental needs
2. Promoting health and exercise
3. Connecting with the natural world
a. Nature Deficit Disorder
b. Environmentalism
4. Risk taking and social skills
C. Outdoor school programs - Nature-based schools
1. Nature-enhanced schools
2. Forest schools
II. Design of Outdoor Play Spaces
A. Current playground safety standards
1. Consumer Product Safety Commission
2. California Community Care Licensing (Title 22)
3. Insurance considerations
4. California Educational Code requirements
B. Age appropriate environment design
1. Environments for Infants
2. Environments for Toddlers and Twos
3. Environments for Preschool
4. Environments for School-Age Children
C. Universal Design elements for inclusion of children with special needs
D. Use of space that supports play
1. Sociodramatic play
2. Constructive play
3. Exploratory play
4. Sensory play
5. Social play
6. Games with rules
E. Appropriate and innovative equipment and materials
1. Commercial
2. Natural
F. Supportive environments for caregivers/teachers
G. Incorporating gardens and other natural elements
1. Aesthetics
2. Safety
3. Maintenance
H. Supervision as a design consideration
III. Planning for Environment Changes
A. Assessment of outdoor learning environments
1. Choosing tools to address design and safety factors
2. Using assessment tools
B. Layout of space and activity zones
C. Steps in planning for large scale playground building
D. Working with stakeholders
IV. Curriculum in Outdoor Environments
A. Planning for STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) curriculum
1. Gardens
2. Sensory Play
B. Planning for active play
1. Games, equipment and loose parts
2. Social and emotional development
C. Planning for arts, music and literacy outdoors
D. Planning for outdoor dramatic play
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1. Reading of assigned text and handouts (approximately 150 pages total)
2. Participation in discussion about outdoor environment theory and design
3. Choose and assess an outdoor environment using a standardized rating scale
4. Written evaluation based on the rating scale assessment (3-5 pages)
5. Create and document changes to the design of an outdoor environment (Written paper
[approx. 3 pages] or presentation)
6. Plan for long-term changes to an outdoor environment, including design diagram, description
(3-5 pages), and presentation
7. Written curriculum plan for an outdoor activity (3-4 pages)
8. Written reflection on readings (2-3 pages)
9. Written rationale for the importance of outdoor play (1-2 pages)
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Designs for Living and Learning: Transforming Early Childhood Environments. 2nd ed. Curtis, Deb and Carter, Margie. Redleaf Press. 2014 (classic)
The Great Outdoors: Advocating for Natural Spaces for Young Children (Revised Edition). Rivkin, Mary and Schein, Deborah. NAEYC. 2014 (classic)
Instructor prepared materials